As electronic components become more compact and precise, their design and manufacturing become more sophisticated. Processes, such as adheasive potting of tiny components onto high-density PCBs, create the components relied upon in electronic and communication systems. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates radio frequency (RF) devices contained in electronic products that are capable of emitting radiofrequency energy. These products are tested to show compliance with FCC rules for each type of electrical function so as to ensure that every product meets specific limitations for RF emissions and electromagnetic compatibility. 

Quality assurance engineers and technicians can identify defective electronic components. Both machine vision cameras or borescopes can be used as a non-destructive, visual means to examine individual components when bonded to printed circuit boards. Common problems found include fractures, fatigue, stress failure, and the presence of foreign object debris.